tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31721443571125561642024-03-13T15:46:53.556-07:00IT-213 Operating SystemOperating systemjeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.comBlogger61125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-63775935561864044792009-09-17T04:13:00.000-07:002009-09-17T04:15:30.404-07:00ECS Linux-Mandriva Installation ProcessBelow you will a very brief description of how to install the Linux-Mandriva 2007. You can borrow the six CDs or single DVD available in class. You can find more information at the Mandriva website: http://wwwnew.mandriva.com. I will assume that you wish to dual boot Linux with some version of Windows. You can find much more extensive instructions for installing Linux at:<br />Professor Norman Matloff's Beginner's Guide to Installing Linux : http://heather.cs.ucdavis.edu/~matloff/linux.html<br />I recommend you read and print out both this and Prof. Matloff's pages before starting.<br /><br />IF YOU HAVE ANY CRITICAL FILES, BACK THEM UP BEFORE STARTING THIS PROCESS! CREATE AN EMERGENCY REPAIR DISK NOW!<br /><br />There are three steps to installing Linux:<br /><br />1. 1. Gathering network information.<br /><br />2. 2. Set-up partitions on the disk drive to have room for Linux.<br /><br />3. 3. Installing Linux<br /><br />1. Gathering network information<br />Before starting to install Linux you must gather information about your current network settings. You can find these in the Network section of the Windows Control Panel. If you do not have DHCP, then you need to note your IP address. You should also note the subnet mask (usually 255.255.255.0), gateway address, primary DNS, and secondary DNS if there is one. If you are using encrypted wireless, then jot down the keys and/or pass phrase. You should also determine your graphics adapter and monitor model and current resolution settings.<br /><br />2. Setting up partitions<br />Linux must be installed on partitions separate from all other operating systems. In Windows, each partition is given a drive letter. In Linux, all of the partitions on the first drive start with hda, and are numbered hda1, hda2, and so forth. The partitions on the second hard drive all start with hdb. Please note that the first drive may not be your C: drive in Windows. If you have multiple drives, you should note, based on its size, which is your C: drive. You will need this later to install the boot loader.<br /><br />There are many ways to create the necessary space for Linux, but I will cover only the simplest. You will need clear out enough space in an existing partition so that it can be shrunk enough to make room for both Linux partitions. This may mean deleting files and/or moving files from one drive to another. Disk Cleanup can help you to choose the files to remove. When done, note how much space you need for your files on the drive. Once you are done cleaning up the disk, you should run the defragmenter tool to consolidate the files. Please note that Mandriva 2007 can shrink any file system, including the NTFS file system!<br /><br />If you happen to have left some empty space on a hard disk, that you are not going to use for LINUX, then partition and format it now, before installing Linux. You should not use Windows/DOS tools to partition the Linux disk after Linux is installed--it can really screw things up.<br /><br /><br /><br />2. Installing Linux<br />On most computers, you can bypass using an Install Boot floppy, by choosing to boot directly from the CDROM. To do this, you need to change the first device searched for booting in the BIOS. To access the BIOS settings, reboot the computer and hold down the indicated key, usually DEL. When the BIOS settings show up, look for a page that lists the order of boot search. You should find that the floppy is the first listed, followed by the hard drive. Change the first entry from floppy to CDROM. Then hit Escape, and choose to save the changes. Now when you reboot, the computer will start looking first in the CDROM. Note that after you have installed Linux, you should go through the same process to change the first device back to the floppy.<br /><br />To install Linux, your computer must either boot to a specially created floppy or directly to the CD labeled Mandriva 2007 CD 1 or the Mandriva 2007 DVD.<br /><br />1. Place CD 1, or the DVD in your CD drive and restart your computer.<br /><br />2. Select “Installation” from the first menu.<br /><br />3. Select “English (American)” as your language choice. (default)<br /><br />4. Accept the license agreement.<br /><br />5. Choose to install.<br /><br />6. Set the Security to “Standard” so you can access your Windows partitions without being root<br /><br />7. Assuming you don’t have enough free space, select “Use existing partitions” for Paritioning<br /><br />8. Select the partition you wish to resize.<br /><br />9. Slide the bar to determine the size of the old Windows partition. You can refer to your notes to determine the minimum you need for your Windows files. Remember you need to free up at least 5000 megabytes for Linux, but you should leave at least 500 megabytes free on the Windows partition to allow for future use.<br /><br />10. Mandriva may ask you to reboot the computer. If so, then go through step 2 to 7, and then continue from here.<br /><br />11. Select Auto allocate.<br /><br />12. If everything pictured in the Partitioning charts makes sense, then select OK to write the partition table.<br /><br />13. Mandriva may ask you to reboot again! If so, then go through steps 2 to 7, and then continue from here.<br /><br />14. Mandrake will guess where root (/) will be mounted. Make sure the selected partition is the one you wanted.<br /><br />15. Allow the partition to be formatted. (default)<br /><br />16. The list of installation media found is correct so just click Next.<br /><br />17. The default package selections are fine. However, if you have space on your hard disk, then feel free to select additional packages. As you select groups, the total size of the selections is updated at the bottom of the selection window. If you select packages from the right (server) column, then be warned that server components make your computer much more susceptible to attacks from hackers. Do not install server components unless you know what you are doing!<br /><br />18. Just click “Install” on the Software Management Screen. The program will take about an hour to install, and will ask you to insert the other five CDs. If you are using a DVD, just press it back in when another CD is requested.<br /><br />19. Set the root password; don’t leave it blank.<br /><br />20. Add yourself as a user. I suggest you use your CSIF user name as your login name to make ssh and sftp a little easier.<br /><br />21. After adding yourself, just press Next at the next Add user screen.<br /><br />22. if there is only you, and your computer is in a safe place, you can agree to automatically log on one user.<br /><br />23. Place LILO in the First sector of drive (MBR). (default)<br /><br />24. If you are offered any proprietary drivers, then say Yes. (default)<br /><br />25. If it finds your printer, then allow it to set it up automatically. (default)<br /><br />Mandriva now provides a list of configurations that you will need to modify. You will need to configure the time zone to Los Angeles, but the other time defaults (hardware clock is not set to GMT) are fine. Configure the graphical interface. Make sure you test the configuration of your graphics adapter and monitor. You can use the information you gathered from your Windows network to configure the Network. If you have wireless, then select “wireless” from the list of adapters. The domain you choose for your host name is probably irrelevant—so make one up! Start the connection now to ensure it works. If you have a printer available to the computer but it was not detected earlier by Mandriva, then press the configure button next to printers, then Add a Printer, and then Auto-Detect. If Mandriva does not detect your printer, then uncheck Auto-Detect, click Next, and manually select its port, make, and model. Mandriva should be able to detect your printer, but you should check its efforts by printing a test page when prompted. If you wish to make your Windows OS the default, you will need to configure the bootloader. Upon entering the bootloader configuration area, click Next until you see a list of entries in the boot menu. Double click the "windows" entry, and then place an X in the Default checkbox.<br /><br />After OKing the summary, don’t download updates. Remove the CD or DVD, and click the Reboot button. (You may wish to change your BIOS boot-up sequence back at this time.) When the system reboots, select the “linux” entry to start Mandriva for the first time.<br /><br />If you are confronted with a command prompt instead of a GUI when Mandriva starts up, then login or su as root, and type XFdrake to open the graphics configuration tool. Play with the settings, and test until you get a good screen.<br /><br />You may now want update the computer by Start icon -> System->Configuration->Packaging->Install, Remove & Update Software. After entering the root password, go to Software Management->”Look at available updates….” Then select a source URL (I use usc.edu), and wait for the list to download. You will see a Software Management window. You should download any Bugfix Updates, and Normal Updates.<br /><br />Once you have installed all the updates, you should install the GUI debugger, ddd. Select “Select from where software packages are downloaded …”. Then select Add and then “Distribution sources.” Select a URL (I use ftp://ftp.ale.org). After the list of packages is downloaded, select “Look at installable software…” from the four Software Management choices. Type “ddd” in the search box, and then press Search. The rest of the process is straightforward.<br /><br />Congratulations! Your done installing Linux!jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-31284789667336445762009-09-17T03:56:00.000-07:002009-09-17T04:10:59.596-07:00KUBUNTU 7.10 Installation<tr><br /><td> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><br /><br /><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Hardware_notes"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Hardware notes</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Kubuntu_7.10_.28Gutsy.29"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Kubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy)</span></a><br /><br /><ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Existing__Kubuntu_7.10_installation"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Existing Kubuntu 7.10 installation</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#New_installation"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">New installation</span></a></li><br /></ul><br /></li><br /><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#LinuxMCE"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">LinuxMCE</span></a><br /><ul><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Download_LinuxMCE"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Download LinuxMCE</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Burn_download_to_CDs_and_install_from_CDs"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Burn download to CDs and install from CDs</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Installing_mce-installer_from_command_prompt"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Installing mce-installer from command prompt</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Installing_mce-installer_from_the_KDE_Menu"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Installing mce-installer from the KDE Menu</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Install_LinuxMCE"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Install LinuxMCE</span></a><br /><ul><br /><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Choosing_type_of_Core"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Choosing type of Core</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Choosing_Video_Card"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Choosing Video Card</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Network_Configuration"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Network Configuration</span></a><br /><ul><br /><li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Choosing_Mirror_for_Packages"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Choosing Mirror for Packages</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Choosing_DHCP_Server"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Choosing DHCP Server</span></a></li><br /></ul><br /></li><br /><ul><br /><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Choosing_Orbiter_Interface"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Choosing Orbiter Interface</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Installing_Additional_Packages"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Installing Additional Packages</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Choosing_How_to_Primarily_Use_the_Computer"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Choosing How to Primarily Use the Computer</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Installing_LinuxMCE_Discs"><span class="tocnumber">3.5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Installing LinuxMCE Discs</span></a></li><br /></ul><br /></li><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Installation_can_take_a_long_time"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Installation can take a long time</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Installation_Complete"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Installation Complete</span></a></li><br /><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Additional_Notes"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Additional Notes</span></a></li><br /></ul><br /></li><br /></ul><br /><table><br /></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } </script><br /></td></tr></table><br /><p><i>After installation please visit <a href="http://linuxmce.org/troubles.php" class="external text" title="http://linuxmce.org/troubles.php" rel="nofollow">this page</a> and fill in any information you have about the installation process. This will aid the developers in fixing any faults.</i><br /></p><p><b> If you want to install LinuxMCE using the DVD, follow <a href="/index.php/DVD_Installation" title="DVD Installation">these steps.</a></b><br /></p><br /><a name="Hardware_notes"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline"> Hardware notes </span></h2><br /><p>See <a href="/index.php/Hardware" title="Hardware">this section for general hardware</a> recommendations, and <a href="/index.php/Video#PC_Preparation" title="Video">this advice for PC preparation</a>.<br /></p><p>LinuxMCE differs from other Home Theater PC systems in that some functions are performed by a <a href="/index.php/Core" title="Core">Core</a> PC and some functions are performed by a <a href="/index.php/Media_Director" title="Media Director">Media Director</a> PC. A <a href="/index.php/Hybrid" title="Hybrid">hybrid</a> Core/Media Director PC does both.<br /></p><p>For the central LinuxMCE Core server that will function on a home automation network, most recommended installations suggest 2 network interface cards (NICs). If you don't have a second NIC card already installed, it is easiest to do so <i>before</i> installing Kubuntu/LinuxMCE, since the second card will then be recognised and configured correctly during the initial installation. You won't have to fiddle with setting it up later. See <a href="/index.php/Internal_LAN_setup" title="Internal LAN setup">this section</a> for tips on setting up a nested LinuxMCE LAN within an existing home LAN.<br /></p><p>(If you will have only a single PC acting as a hybrid Core/Media Director, 2 cards aren't strictly necessary, but putting them in at this stage will allow you to expand your network down the line.)<br /></p><p>For a PC acting as a Media Director (either as a standalone or as a hybrid), an nVidia graphics card is strongly recommended so that you can display the <a href="/index.php/Selecting_the_Right_UI" title="Selecting the Right UI">User Interface</a> in the highest resolution (UI2). If you don't have one installed, it is easiest to do so before starting software installation. It is probably best to stick with an nVidia card on the Core PC as well. Make sure the card is installed prior to software installation.<br /></p><p><a href="/index.php/Video" title="Video">Check out this video and example installation</a> of a complete installation that took this guy a few days and will likely take you a few weeks.<br /></p><br /><a name="Kubuntu_7.10_.28Gutsy.29"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">Kubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy)</span></h2><br /><p>Note:<br />LinuxMCE 0704 (beta) was used only with Kubuntu Desktop version 7.04 (Feisty). The <a href="/index.php/Current_version" title="Current version">current version</a> is <a href="/index.php/Mirrors_0710" title="Mirrors 0710">LinuxMCE 0710</a> and is meant to be used only with Kubuntu Desktop version 7.10 (Gutsy). A version compatible with Kubuntu version 8.10 is planned for the future.<br /></p><p>Steps for installing Linux MCE on an Kubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) system :<br /></p><br /><a name="Existing__Kubuntu_7.10_installation"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Existing Kubuntu 7.10 installation</span></h3><br /><p>You can install LinuxMCE 0710 on a pre-existing installation of Kubuntu 7.10 using the 2 CD install method (but not the DVD method). To complete the installation you will need a Kubuntu Desktop 7.10 Live CD available, or at least a copy of the .iso file somewhere on your hard drive. (If you need to obtain one, see the next section for the download link. There are instructions if you want to burn a Live CD.)<br /></p><p>The install process will partially overwrite your previous Kubuntu installation using configuration files from the Live CD which are known to be uniquely compatible with LinuxMCE. If you have previously modified your Kubuntu system (subsequent to its original installation), you may lose some of your configuration files because LinuxMCE modifies them to suit its own needs. Therefore, do not install LinuxMCE on a mission-critical PC if you don't want to risk this. (You should dedicate one PC to be a LinuxMCE core server, anyway.)<br /></p><br /><a name="New_installation"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">New installation</span></h3><br /><p>If you <i>don't</i> already have an Kubuntu system installed, follow these generic steps to install Kubuntu Desktop 7.10 from the Live CD:<br /></p><br /><ol><li> Download the CD .iso image for Kubuntu desktop- either the <a href="http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/7.10/kubuntu-7.10-desktop-i386.iso" class="external text" title="http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/7.10/kubuntu-7.10-desktop-i386.iso" rel="nofollow">32-bit version</a> or the <a href="http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/7.10/kubuntu-7.10-desktop-amd64.iso" class="external text" title="http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/7.10/kubuntu-7.10-desktop-amd64.iso" rel="nofollow">64-bit version</a>, depending on your processor. Use the 32-bit version if in doubt. Note that LinuxMCE comes in both a 32-bit and a 64-bit version as well, so you must match. (If the above links are down, try this alternate site for the appropriate <a href="http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/" class="external text" title="http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/" rel="nofollow">Kubuntu Desktop Live CD</a>.)<br /></li><li> If you don't know how to burn the .iso file to a bootable CD, then see <a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto" class="external text" title="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto" rel="nofollow">these instructions</a>.<br /></li><li> Boot the Kubuntu Desktop 7.10 LiveCD.<br /></li><li> Choose 'Start or install Kubuntu'.<br /></li><li> When Kubuntu's desktop appears, click on 'Install'.<br /></li><li> A short wizard will guide you. Select the language and press 'forward'.<br /></li><li> Choose your timezone and press 'forward'.<br /></li><li> Select the keyboard layout.<br /></li><li> Choose desktop name, a user name and a password. LinuxMCE uses linuxmce for the user and password, so it is often convenient to use linuxmce as the initial user and password at this step, as well.<br /></li><li> Select the partitioning options for your disk. If this is going to be a dedicated server, you can use the entire disk.<br /></li><li> Ready to install.<br /></li><li> Reboot the system and remove the Live CD.<br /></li></ol><br /><a name="LinuxMCE"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">LinuxMCE</span></h2><br /><a name="Download_LinuxMCE"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Download LinuxMCE</span></h3><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Good1.jpg" class="image" title="Good1.jpg"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/a/a5/Good1.jpg/400px-Good1.jpg" width="400" height="302" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>From within the Kubuntu 7.10 desktop, open Konqueror or Firefox (the orange and blue icon at the top), and go to <a href="http://www.linuxmce.org" class="external text" title="http://www.linuxmce.org" rel="nofollow">www.linuxmce.org</a>. Select 'Download Instructions' to download the LinuxMCE CD images (.iso files) or the DVD .iso image onto your machine. You can also find the <a href="/index.php/Current_version" title="Current version">current version here</a>.<br /></p><p>There is a 32-bit version and a 64-bit version of LinuxMCE. If you are using a 64-bit Kubuntu 7.10 installation, download the corresponding LinuxMCE version.<br /></p><p>You will be downloading two .iso files, each one corresponding to a CD image. The installer is able to use the .iso files directly from the hard drive, or you can burn them to a CD and then use them from the CD.<br /></p><p>(Obviously, if you are downloading the .iso files on another computer, you will have to burn them onto CD to use them.)<br /></p><p>To install using the .iso files on your hard drive directly, skip the next step.<br /></p><br /><a name="Burn_download_to_CDs_and_install_from_CDs"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Burn download to CDs and install from CDs</span></h3><br /><p><i>(If you plan to install directly from .iso files, skip this step and proceed to the next step.)</i><br /></p><p>If you don't know how to burn an .iso file to a CD then see <a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto" class="external text" title="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto" rel="nofollow">these instructions</a>.<br /></p><p>Burn the two CDs (assuming you are using this method).<br /></p><p>You can then simply place CD 1 in the CD-ROM and the installer will autostart. You will then be prompted to put CD 2 in the drive, followed by the Kubuntu Desktop Live CD (see later sections).<br /></p><p>The rest will take a lot of time but will essentially install automatically. Skip the next two steps and continue with the installation prompts.<br /></p><br /><a name="Installing_mce-installer_from_command_prompt"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Installing mce-installer from command prompt</span></h3><br /><p><i>(Skip the next two steps if you are installing from actual CDs.)</i><br /></p><p>You can install the mce-installer from a command prompt without the need to burn the ISOs as follows:<br /></p><br /><pre>cd <i>/directory/where/the/downloaded/iso/files/are/</i><br />mkdir -pv mnt<br />sudo mount LinuxMCE_0704_CD1.iso mnt/ -o loop<br />sudo dpkg -i mnt/mce-installer_2.0.1-1_i386.deb<br />sudo umount mnt<br />rmdir -v mnt<br /></pre><br /><p>If you are using the 64-bit version, use mce-installer_2.0.1-1_amd64.deb instead of mce-installer_2.0.1-1_i386.deb.<br /></p><br /><a name="Installing_mce-installer_from_the_KDE_Menu"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Installing mce-installer from the KDE Menu</span></h3><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Inst1.jpg" class="image" title="Inst1.jpg"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/c/cc/Inst1.jpg/400px-Inst1.jpg" width="400" height="299" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>Once you have downloaded the packages and installed the mce-installer onto your disk, run the mce-installer:<br /></p><br /><ul><li>From Konqueror (or the Dolphin file manager), find and <i>right-click</i> on the mce-installer icon. Choose Kubuntu Package Menu --> Install Package.<br /></li></ul><br /><p><br /><br />(<i>This step is done automatically if you are installing from a CD.</i>)<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Install_LinuxMCE"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Install LinuxMCE</span></h3><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot1.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot1.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/2/22/Snapshot1.JPG/400px-Snapshot1.JPG" width="400" height="250" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>The mce-installer places an "Install LinuxMCE" icon on your desktop. Click it to start the installation process. A window will appear saying that you will be notified when updates are available. <br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Choosing_type_of_Core"></a><h4> <span class="mw-headline">Choosing type of Core</span></h4><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot2.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot2.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/0/05/Snapshot2.JPG/400px-Snapshot2.JPG" width="400" height="250" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>Choose if you want a dedicated core or a hybrid. (In brief, a hybrid runs as both the Core and as a Media Director. As such, it needs more computing power. <a href="/index.php/Do_I_want_a_dedicated_Core%3F" title="Do I want a dedicated Core?">Click here</a> to find out more differences between a core and a hybrid). Then click on the "Forward" button. <br /></p><p>If you aren't going to set up an "internal" home automation LAN at this time, but only will use a single PC for all LinuxMCE functions, then make that single PC installation a hybrid.<br /></p><p>However, if you will create an entire home automation network, it is better to use one PC as the dedicated core server (not a hybrid). It will run faster. You can leave it "headless" (no monitor, keyboard, mouse), and leave it always on. In such a situation, "dedicated Core" would be suitable. Nevertheless, it is possible after installation to choose whether to autostart the Core services by themselves, the Media Director services by themselves, or both together. Thus a "hybrid" installation can later used as a "dedicated Core," as a Media Director, or as both (a hybrid). There is little disadavantage, therefore, in choosing "hybrid" at this step. That is what many first time users choose.<br /></p><p><br /><br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Choosing_Video_Card"></a><h4> <span class="mw-headline">Choosing Video Card</span></h4><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot3.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot3.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/7/7d/Snapshot3.JPG/400px-Snapshot3.JPG" width="400" height="250" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>This step is displayed only when an nNvidia graphics card is detected by LinuxMCE. You will be asked if you want to use the proprietary nVidia driver (the only one that works well with LinuxMCE and nVidia cards), instead of the generic driver (which doesn't work as well). Generally you should use the proprietary driver. This step is here for legal reasons. <br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Network_Configuration"></a><h4> <span class="mw-headline">Network Configuration</span></h4><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot4.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot4.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/8/8a/Snapshot4.JPG/400px-Snapshot4.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>The next screen will ask you whether you want to keep your current network configuration or whether you want to set your network options manually. The "current network configuration" is usually what the Kubuntu Live CD originally detected and setup automatically. Most commonly this configuration instructs the PC to ask for a dynamic IP from your home LAN router's DHCP service. This option is asking whether your LinuxMCE should continue to ask for a dynamic IP from your external LAN's router (using DHCP), or whether you wish to set a static IP address for your LinuxMCE PC. This setting applies only to the (first) NIC card that is connected to the "external" home LAN. Usually keeping the "current network configuration" is sufficient. Then press "Forward".<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot5.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot5.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/2/2f/Snapshot5.JPG/400px-Snapshot5.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>If you chose manual installation, you must now choose whether your PC will use a static IP within the external home LAN, or whether it will accept a dynamic IP assigned by the LAN router's DHCP. If you do not have a home LAN and router, but connect directly through a cable modem, you most likely use a (static) IP (that your cable company assigns you). Generally you have to know your IP address, the cable company's gateway IP, and the cable company's DNS server information (which your cable provider must provide to you). In contrast, most DSL providers use DHCP-assigned dynamic IPs, so if you connect directly through a DSL modem, you most likely use DHCP. You don't have to worry about the gateway and DNS server; DHCP usually discovers those for you automatically. (Obviously, if you bought a static IP service from a DSL or T1 provider, you would have to choose static and fill in the information, just as for a cable modem.) <br /></p><p>If you don't know what the heck you have, use DHCP.<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Choosing_Mirror_for_Packages"></a><h5> <span class="mw-headline">Choosing Mirror for Packages</span></h5><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot6.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot6.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/c/c9/Snapshot6.JPG/400px-Snapshot6.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>You have to choose a mirror. Pick one geographically close to you. Downloads will be faster. <br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Choosing_DHCP_Server"></a><h5> <span class="mw-headline">Choosing DHCP Server</span></h5><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot7.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot7.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/5/57/Snapshot7.JPG/400px-Snapshot7.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>You will be asked whether you want (the LinuxMCE core server) to Run a DHCP Server or not. The LinuxMCE core server will be the DHCP server for your "internal" home automation network in order to provide plug-and-play detection of network devices like IP Cameras and VOIP phones, and to provide network boot images to any other PC's in the internal home automation network that you might want to use as Media Directors.<br /></p><p>Hopefully you took some advice and already installed a second NIC card. That second NIC card is used so that LinuxMCE can provide an "internal" DHCP network to the PCs (Media Directors), Orbiters, and devices <i>within</i> your automated home network. All ethernet connections from these devices (within the home automation network) must be connected to a switch (or a router with DHCP turned off) which is then in turn connected to this second NIC card. The LinuxMCE core server then performs the DHCP functions for the "internal" home automation network. <br /></p><p>In essence, the "internal" home automation network is nested within your "external" home LAN. Some PCs can remain outside of the internal home automation network by being directly connected to the router, and therefore not connected to the LinuxMCE server. The first NIC card of the LinuxMCE server therefore communicates to the router of your external home LAN. The second NIC is connected to the internal home automation LAN. The LinuxMCE core server only acts as the DHCP server for the devices in the internal home automation LAN. Savvy?<br /></p><p>Generally, you should answer yes to this question. The only time you would answer no is when you will have only one PC that will be a hybrid core server/media director and you do not plan to use any plug-n-play devices other than those connected directly to that single PC.<br /></p><p>You will be then asked if you want to keep the default Internal Network address for the internal home automation LAN or if you want to change it. You might as well accept the default, unless you have some specific reason for specifying a unique IP range.<br /></p><p>Then press 'Forward'.<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Choosing_Orbiter_Interface"></a><h4> <span class="mw-headline">Choosing Orbiter Interface</span></h4><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot8.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot8.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/c/c9/Snapshot8.JPG/400px-Snapshot8.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>In the next window you need to choose what interface you want to use and you have to pick one of three possibilities. There are currently three options: UI1, UI2 with masking, and UI2 with alpha-blending. UI2 requires specific video cards (nVidia). It is best to choose UI1 for the initial installation if you don't have the appropriate nVidia card or if in doubt, as the interface can be changed later. This will reduce the possibility of video card related errors during installation. After installation, you can check to see if your video card can do masking and alpha-blending by following the instructions at <a href="/index.php/Graphics_Test" title="Graphics Test">Graphics Test</a>.<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Installing_Additional_Packages"></a><h4> <span class="mw-headline">Installing Additional Packages</span></h4><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot9.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot9.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/1/11/Snapshot9.JPG/400px-Snapshot9.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>On the next step you have to choose if you want to install <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAME" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAME" rel="nofollow">lame</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libdvdcss" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libdvdcss" rel="nofollow">libdvdcss</a> and if it is legal in your country to use them. In general you will want to install them both.<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Choosing_How_to_Primarily_Use_the_Computer"></a><h4> <span class="mw-headline">Choosing How to Primarily Use the Computer</span></h4><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot10.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot10.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/8/85/Snapshot10.JPG/400px-Snapshot10.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>You have to select how you plan to use your computer, either: <br /></p><br /><ul><li>Primarily used as a PC -- you can start LinuxMCE manually when you need it, or<br /></li></ul><br /><ul><li>A dedicated LinuxMCE -- you can start Kubuntu when you need it.<br /></li></ul><br /><p>For the dedicated core server, choose the second option. If you have a power outage, you can then set the computer to auto-reboot and restore your system without intervention. (If you are serious about home automation, it is best to have a dedicated core server, anyway.) It is possible to access the Kubuntu desktop from within LinuxMCE (see <a href="#Additional_Notes" title="">below</a>).<br /></p><p>If you choose the first option and have a power outage, then you will require a boot-up script, cron scheduling, or manual intervention in order to restart the LinuxMCE system.<br /></p><p>If you are just experimenting with LinuxMCE and/or primarily use the PC as a Kubuntu desktop, the first option is suitable. Also, if you wish to directly install LinuxMCE directly on a PC that will be used as a Media Director, but intend to trade its function back and forth between that of a Kubuntu desktop and a Media Director, also choose the first option. <br /></p><p>(Many PCs that will be used as Media Directors can simply be <a href="/index.php/Netboot" title="Netboot">netbooted</a> from the Core, however, so you do not really need to install LinuxMCE on them at all if you intend to netboot (which is generally easier).) <br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Installing_LinuxMCE_Discs"></a><h4> <span class="mw-headline">Installing LinuxMCE Discs</span></h4><br /><p>This step is very important. You have to insert the CD (or point to the location on the hard drive of the .iso file for the CD): <br /></p><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot11.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot11.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/c/c0/Snapshot11.JPG/400px-Snapshot11.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>LinuxMCE CD 1<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><p><br /><br /></p><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot12.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot12.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/f/f0/Snapshot12.JPG/400px-Snapshot12.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>LinuxMCE CD 2<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><p><br /><br /></p><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot13.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot13.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/e/e1/Snapshot13.JPG/400px-Snapshot13.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>Kubuntu 7.10 Live CD<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><p><br /><br /></p><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot14.JPG" class="image" title="Snapshot14.JPG"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/0/02/Snapshot14.JPG/400px-Snapshot14.JPG" width="400" height="300" border="0" /></a></span></div> <br /><p>You can see the message about the Linux MCE system installation.<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><br /><a name="Installation_can_take_a_long_time"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Installation can take a long time</span></h3><br /><p>Don't worry if the system seems to stop at points or report what seems like error messages. <br />This is normal since at places it will be testing drivers out, and is only there for the advanced Linux user. <br />You will get a dialog box if something really does go wrong. And, understand this may take a very long time<br />since it will in parallel be updating your Kubuntu system to the latest version. Just leave it for an hour <br />or two and come back later.<br /></p><br /><a name="Installation_Complete"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Installation Complete</span></h3><br /><div class="floatright"><span><a href="/index.php/Image:Snapshot15.jpg" class="image" title="Snapshot15.jpg"><img alt="" src="/images/thumb/e/ee/Snapshot15.jpg/400px-Snapshot15.jpg" width="400" height="299" border="0" /></a></span></div><br /><p>After the installation is done you’ll receive a message from the installer that will tell you to restart the system<br /><br clear="all" /><br /></p><p>Next follow the <a href="/index.php/QuickStart_Guide" title="QuickStart Guide">QuickStart Guide</a> to tell LinuxMCE about how you want to use it.<br /></p><br /><a name="Additional_Notes"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">Additional Notes</span></h3><br /><p>If you specified that LinuxMCE should startup by default, then after rebooting you will see LinuxMCE (not the Kubuntu desktop). If you will use this computer as a Media PC only, you don't need to access the Kubuntu desktop for any further set up -- all setup is done from the from the <a href="/index.php/LinuxMCE_Admin_Website" title="LinuxMCE Admin Website">LinuxMCE Admin Website</a> or through the LinuxMCE <a href="/index.php/Orbiter" title="Orbiter">Orbiter</a> User Interface.<br /></p><p>If you would like to use this PC as a Kubuntu PC from <i>within</i> LinuxMCE, however, a menu option on the on-screen Orbiter User Interface of a Media Director is provided to bring up the KDE (Kubuntu) desktop. (This may not work well if the Media Director has been <a href="/index.php/Netboot" title="Netboot">netbooted</a>.)<br /></p><p>You can also press Ctrl+Alt+F2 from within LinuxMCE to bring up the KDE desktop (then login and type StartX). <br /></p><p>If you specified that the Kubuntu desktop should be run by default, you can then start LinuxMCE manually from within the Kubuntu menu: Applications-->Sound & Video-->Start Media Center. (You can also click on the LinuxMCE icon on the Kubuntu desktop that was placed there during installation.<br /></p><p>When LinuxMCE is running, you can toggle back and forth between them by pressing <b>Ctrl+Alt+F7</b> for Kubuntu or <b>Ctrl+Alt+F11</b> for LinuxMCE.</p>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-67907176406474362932009-09-17T03:25:00.000-07:002009-09-17T03:50:12.144-07:00Sun Solaris Installation Process<!-- BEGIN G3 ANCHOR LINKS COMPONENT --><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><br /><tr><td class="tablecaption2"><div class="headerpadding"><br />Table of Contents<br /></div></td></tr><br /></table><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="dkgrey1" width="100%"><br /><tr><td><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" width="100%" summary="{placeholder summary}" class="vatop"><br /><tr class="grey1"><td width="50%"><div class="pad10"><br /><ol><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.do#0">Installation Assumptions</a></li><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#1">Check the Hardware Compatibility List</a></li><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#2">Basic System Requirements</a></li><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#3">Obtaining Media for the x86 Platform</a></li><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#4">Power Up and Media Boot</a></li><br /></ol><br /><br /></div></td><br /><td width="50%"><div class="pad10"><br /><ol start="6"><br /><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#5">Installing the Solaris 10 OS</a><br /><ul><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#5a">Identifying the Console</a></li><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#5b">Selecting the Type of Installation</a></li><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#5c">System Configuration</a></li><br /></ul><br /></li><br /><li><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#6">For More Information</a></li><br /></ol><br /></div></td></tr><br /></tbody><br /></td></tr></table><br /></table><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><br /><tbody><tr><td class="grey3"><span class="sp5"></span></td></tr><br /></tbody></table><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><a name="0"></a><h4>Installation Assumptions</h4><br /><br />This guide makes several assumptions, including:<br /><ul><br /><li>The system is an x86 system</li><br /><li>The system is compatible with the Solaris 10 5/09 OS and is listed on the Solaris Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)</li><br /><li>The system has a graphical interface</li><br /></ul><br /><br /><p>While this guide is most appropriate for a stand-alone system that doesn't connect to a network or connects to a network with automatic configuration, it can be used to install a system with a fixed IP address if the network configuration information is available.</p><br /><br /><p>If problems arise during the installation process that are not discussed in this guide, refer to the <i>Solaris 10 OS Installation Guide: Basic Installations</i> for more information. This guide is part of the Solaris 10 Release and Installation Collection located on the Sun Web site at <a href="http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/prod/solaris.10">http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/prod/solaris.10</a>.</p><br /><br /><p><img border="0" alt="" align="top" src="http://www.blogger.com/im/ic_ar_up.gif" width="13" height="14" /><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#top">Back To Top</a></p><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><br /><tbody><tr><td class="grey3"><span class="sp5"></span></td></tr><br /></tbody></table><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><a name="1"></a><h4>Check the Hardware Compatibility List</h4><br /><br /><p>The first step before the installation process is to verify that the system to be installed is on the hardware compatibility list located at: <a href="http://www.blogger.com/bigadmin/hcl/">http://www.blogger.com/bigadmin/hcl/</a>.<br /><br /><span class="blknote">Note:</span> The term "x86" refers to the family of 32-bit x86-compatible architecture and 64-bit AMD64 and Intel 64.</p><br /><br /><p><img border="0" alt="" align="top" src="http://www.blogger.com/im/ic_ar_up.gif" width="13" height="14" /><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#top">Back To Top</a></p><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><br /><tbody><tr><td class="grey3"><span class="sp5"></span></td></tr><br /></tbody></table><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><a name="2"></a><h4>Basic System Requirements</h4><br /><br /><p>Verify the computer system meets the following requirements.<br /><br /><span class="blknote">NOTE:</span> The requirements below are recommended minimums.</p><br /><br />While it is possible to install the Solaris OS on a system with less disk capacity and CPU speed, it is not recommended.<br /><ul><br /><li>Minimum 1024 MB of physical RAM</li><br /><li>Minimum 10 GB of available hard drive space</li><br /><li>Minimum 400 MHz CPU speed</li><br /><li>DVD or CD-ROM drive</li><br /><li>Attached monitor or integrated display</li><br /></ul><br /><br /><p>For more information on Solaris System requirements, visit <a href="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/specs.jsp">http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/specs.jsp</a>. For a catalog of the more than 5000 Solaris-ready applications and solutions, please visit <a href="http://www.blogger.com/bigadmin/apps/">http://www.blogger.com/bigadmin/apps/</a>.</p><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><br /><tbody><tr><td class="grey3"><span class="sp5"></span></td></tr><br /></tbody></table><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><a name="3"></a><h4>Obtaining Media for the x86 Platform</h4><br /><br /><p>The Solaris 10 5/09 OS release is available via download from the Sun Web site.</p><br /><br /><ol><br /><li>Go to <a href="http://www.blogger.com/solaris/">http://www.blogger.com/solaris/</a> and click on the Solaris logo if you want to obtain information about the Solaris 10 5/09 OS; if not, proceed to step 2.</li><br /><li>Go to <a href="http://www.blogger.com/solaris/get.jsp">http://www.blogger.com/solaris/get.jsp</a> to begin the download process.</li><br /><li>Choose Solaris 10 on the list of available downloads.</li><br /><li>Click on the appropriate media format (Solaris for x86 systems).</li><br /><li>Register at the Sun Download Center, if you have not already done so.</li><br /><li>Answer the short questionnaire.</li><br /><li>Read and accept the license agreement.</li><br /><li>Download and burn the CDs or DVDs.</li><br /></ol><br /><br /><p>See the Solaris 10 Self Help FAQs located at <a href="http://www.blogger.com/solaris/self_help.jsp">http://www.blogger.com/solaris/self_help.jsp</a> for additional guidance, instruction, and tips on downloading the Solaris 10 OS or burning installation CD and DVD media.</p><br /><br /><p><img border="0" alt="" align="top" src="http://www.blogger.com/im/ic_ar_up.gif" width="13" height="14" /><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#top"> </p></a><br /><br />Power Up and Media Boot <h4></h4><br /><br /><p>If you don't want to substitute your current operating system and instead you want to run Solaris as a guest OS or Virtual Machine, please download and install xVM VirtualBox for free from <a href="http://www.virtualbox.org/" target="_blank">http://www.virtualbox.org/</a>.</p><br /><br /><p>The following procedure can be used to install Solaris 10 5/09 on a new or used system.</p><br /><br /><ol><br /><li>Power up the system and insert the first installation CD or DVD into the drive tray.</li><br /><li>Restart the system. </li><br /><li>If the system appears to be booting from the hard disk and the Solaris OS installer does not start, power cycle the system (power cycle is shutting down the power on the system and then restarting the system). As the system begins to boot, enter setup mode. Typically, the system displays a message indicating which key to press (such as "Enter F2 to enter setup", although the key to press varies by manufacturer; the ESC and F12 keys are other common options.) If you miss the message, simply restart the system a couple of times until you are able to view it.</li><br /><li>Once in setup mode, specify the boot device for the system. This example specifies the CD or DVD drive as the boot device. To do so, find the list that describes boot order and re-order as needed to ensure the CD or DVD drive appears first on the list. The system should then boot from the CD or DVD drive to start the install process.<br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_01.gif" width="600" height="105" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /></ol><br /><br /><p><br /><img border="0" alt="" align="top" src="http://www.blogger.com/im/ic_ar_up.gif" width="13" height="14" /><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#top">Back To Top</a><br /></p><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><br /><tbody><tr><td class="grey3"><span class="sp5"></span></td></tr><br /></tbody></table><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><a name="5"></a><h4>Installing the Solaris 10 5/09 Operating System</h4><br /><br /><a name="5a"></a><br /><b>Identifying the Console</b><br /><br /><br /><p>The next step in the installation process is to select the type of console for the hardware on which the Solaris OS is being installed. Use the arrow keys to select the version of the Solaris OS that matches the hardware configuration. For most x86 systems, use the default selection.</p><br /><br /><p>Press the ENTER key and boot the version of operating system selected. The highlighted entry boots in 60 seconds even if a key is not pressed.</p><br /><br /><p><span class="blknote">Note:</span> Prompts do not appear during the boot process. If a selection is not made, the screen times out and the system<br />automatically boots the Solaris OS.<br /></p><br /><br /><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_02.gif" width="600" height="332" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><a name="5b"></a><br /><b>Selecting the Type of Installation</b><br /><br /><br /><p>After the ENTER key is pressed or the counter times out, a series of dots will run on the screen and you will see the basic<br />device configuration message along with a menu with six installation options.</p><br /><br /><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_03.gif" width="600" height="126" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><p>Before this new counter times out, select option 3 to install Solaris 10 5/09 from the beginning using Solaris ZFS as the root file system. You can get more information on ZFS from <a href="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/zfs.jsp">http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/zfs.jsp</a>.</p><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_04.gif" width="600" height="311" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><p><span class="blknote">Note:</span> If you don't want to use ZFS as your root filesystem, you can use option 1. Please refer to the previous version of this "How To Guide."</p><br /><br /><p>Once option 3 is selected, you'll see the following screen with some information regarding your hardware. Keep in mind that the hardware information displayed (such as "nge0") may differ from the exact data displayed below and that each step can take up to a couple of minutes to complete:</p><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_05.gif" width="600" height="333" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><p>After a few seconds, you are presented with the keyboard layout configuration in case you don't have a standard keyboard or if you have a localized keyboard. If you have a US keyboard, press the [F2] key; if not, select the right language using the arrow keys to move up or down, make your selection with the [space bar] and then press [F2] to continue.</p><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_06.gif" width="600" height="333" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><p>Immediately, you'll see the following message. Press ENTER to continue.</p><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_07.gif" width="600" height="330" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /><a name="5c"></a><br /><b>System Configuration</b><br /><br /><br /><p>A series of screens guides you through the Solaris OS configuration process.<br /><br /><span class="blknote">Note:</span> The graphical screens require a mouse to be rolled over the window in order to answer questions posed throughout the configuration process.</p><br /><br /><ol><br /><li>After you press ENTER, the system configuration process will start through a series of windows. Please roll the mouse over the window, click the mouse, then press ENTER to continue.<br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_08.gif" width="600" height="358" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /></li><br /><li>Select a language for the system.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_09.gif" width="600" height="359" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>A new window, the Solaris Install Console, appears in the bottom-right corner. This window is used to display pertinent installation messages. Another window appears in which the Solaris OS installation questions should be answered. Press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_10.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The system identification process begins. Press [F2] to continue:.<br /><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_11.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Network Connectivity window appears. Use the default answer, (unless you don't have a network) and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_12.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The DHCP selection appears. For most cases, just select DHCP for your network configuration using the arrow keys and the space bar to make the selection and then press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_13.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The IPv6 window appears. Just use the default and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_14.gif" width="600" height="448" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Confirmation window appears. If you agree with your selections, press [F2] to continue; if not, press [F4] and the process will go back to step 5.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_15.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Security Policy window appears. Use the default for No Kerberos configuration, then press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_16.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>For confirmation of your policy selection, press [F2] and continue to the next screen.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_17.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Name Service window appears. Select NONE using the arrow keys and pressing the space bar to select, then press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_18.gif" width="600" height="448" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>For confirmation of your selection, press [F2] and continue to the next screen.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_19.gif" width="600" height="448" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The NFSv4 domain name window appears. Let the system use the default option and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_20.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>For confirmation of your selection, press [F2] to continue to the next screen.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_21.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Time Zone window appears. Next, set the time zone for the system. This example sets the Americas time zone. Use the arrow keys and the space bar to make the selection, then press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_22.gif" width="600" height="448" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>Time Zone cont'd. Set the United States Country & Region, then press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_23.gif" width="600" height="448" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>Time Zone cont'd. Set the Pacific Time, then press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_24.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>Set current date and time. Use arrow keys and keyboard to change the proposed date and time, then press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_25.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>To confirm your selection, press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_26.gif" width="600" height="448" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Root Password window appears. Set the root password. Note the password typed remains invisible. Re-enter the password in the second box and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_27.gif" width="600" height="446" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Network Services window appears. Click [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_28.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Remote Services window appears. In this window, you can choose a "Secure by default" Solaris installation, but afterwards individual services should be enabled. If you are unsure of your type of installation, follow the default "Yes" to enable all remote services and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_29.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Install Progress window appears. Wait for a few minutes while Solaris installs on your system. After the installation is completed, the system will reboot automatically and will start the Solaris OS. Remember that in some cases, you will have to eject the media manually.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_30.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Eject CD/DVD window appears. Use the default. Press [F2] to continue; the system will automatically eject the media after installation.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_31.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Reboot After Installation window appears. Use the default, press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_32.gif" width="600" height="451" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Confirmation window appears; press [F2] to continue. In some cases, the system will not be able to eject the media after installation. Be sure to eject it manually to avoid starting the installation process again; if after the installation your system didn't eject the media and the install process started again, you can simply reboot your system. During the boot process, eject the media and the system will boot from the hard disk using the freshly installed Solaris 10 image.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_33.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The License window appears. Please read the Solaris License Agreement, and if you agree, press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_34.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Geographic Regions window appears. To add support for other regions, select the desired region; if not, press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_35.gif" width="600" height="448" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The System Locale window appears. Press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_36.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Selection of Additional Products window appears. Press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_37.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Root File System selection window appears. Select ZFS and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_38.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Software Selection window appears. Use the default and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_39.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Disk Selection window appears. Use the default and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_40.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The ZFS Configuration window appears. Use the default and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_41.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Remote Mounts window appears. Use the default and press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_42.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Profile window appears. On this window, you can see a technical description of how Solaris will be installed on your system. Press [F2] to continue.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_43.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>The Install Progress window appears. Wait for a few minutes while Solaris installs on your system. After the installation is completed, the system will reboot automatically and will start the Solaris OS. Remember that in some cases, you will have to eject the media manually.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_44.gif" width="600" height="450" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /><li>Now you have successfully installed Solaris 10 5/09 on your system. Login using the root user and the password you assigned on step 19.<br /><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /><!-- BEGIN G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><div class="g19 g19v9 g19r1"><br /><div style="WIDTH: 600px" class="imgbox imgcenter"><br /><img border="0" alt="" src="http://www.blogger.com/software/solaris/howtoguides/images/installSolaris_45.gif" width="600" height="449" /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><!-- END G19 COMPONENT V.9 --><br /><span class="sp10"></span><br /><br /></li><br /></ol><br /><br /><br /><p><br /><img border="0" alt="" align="top" src="http://www.blogger.com/im/ic_ar_up.gif" width="13" height="14" /><a class="named" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=3172144357112556164#top">Back To Top</a><br /></p>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-82879990150961051112009-09-17T03:04:00.001-07:002009-09-17T03:06:21.981-07:00Windows Xp Insatallion process<p>This procedure demonstrates how to install Windows XP Professional. The procedure to install Windows XP home edition is very similar to the professional edition. Since Windows XP Pro is more advanced operating system, it will be used to demonstrate the installation procedure.</p><br /><p>The best way install Windows XP is to do a clean install. It is not difficult to perform a clean installation. Before you perform the installation I recommend that you check <a href="ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/services/whql/hcl/WinXPHCLx86.txt" target="_blank">Windows XP Compatibility List</a> to ensure that your hardware is supported by XP. If your hardware is not on the compatibility list you can check your hardware manufactures website to download the drivers for Windows XP. Save all the necessary drivers onto floppy disks or CD before you start the installation.</p><br /><p>All versions of Windows XP CD are bootable. In order to boot from CD/DVD-ROM you need to set the boot sequence. Look for the boot sequence under your BIOS setup and make sure that the first boot device is set to CD/DVD-ROM. You can then perform the following steps to install Windows XP:</p><br /><p><strong>Step 1 - </strong>Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC should automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying "Press any key to boot from CD". Soon as computer starts booting from the CD your will get the following screen:</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp1.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp1.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 2 </strong>- At this stage it will ask you to press F6 if you want to install a third party Raid or SCSI driver. If you are using a an IDE Hard Drive then you do not need to press F6. If you are using a SCSI or SATA Hard drive then you must press F6 otherwise Windows will not detect your Hard Drive during the installation. Please make sure you have the Raid drivers on a floppy disk. Normally the drivers are supplied on a CD which you can copy to a floppy disk ready to be installed. If you are not sure how to do this then please read your motherboard manuals for more information. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp2.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp2.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 3</strong> - Press S to Specify that you want to install additional device.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp3.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp3.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 4</strong> - You will be asked to insert the floppy disk with the Raid or SCSI drivers. Press enter after you have inserted the disk.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp4.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp4.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 5</strong> - You will see a list of Raid drivers for your HDD. Select the correct driver for your device and press enter.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp5.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp5.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 6</strong> - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen. You have the option to do a new Windows install, Repair previous install or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just press Enter to continue.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp6.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp6.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><strong>Step 7</strong> - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and continue</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp7.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp7.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 8</strong> - This step is very important. Here we will create the partition where Windows will be installed. If you have a brand new unformatted drive you will get a screen similar to below. In our case the drive size is 8190MB. We can choose to install Windows in this drive without creating a partition, hence use the entire size of the drive. If you wish to do this you can just press enter and Windows will automatically partition and format the drive as one large drive.</p><br /><p align="left">However for this demonstration I will create two partition. The first partition will be 6000MB (C: drive) and second partition would be 2180MB (E: drive). By creating two partition we can have one which stores Windows and Applications and the other which stores our data. So in the future if anything goes wrong with our Windows install such as virus or spyware we can re-install Windows on C: drive and our data on E: drive will not be touched. Please note you can choose whatever size partition your like. For example if you have 500GB hard drive you can have two partition of 250GB each.</p><br /><p align="left">Press C to create a partition.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp8.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp8.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 8</strong> - Windows will show the total size of the hard drive and ask you how much you want to allocate for the partition you are about to create. I will choose 6000MB. You will then get the screen below. Notice it shows C: Partition 1 followed by the size 6000 MB. This indicates the partition has been created. We still have an unpartitioned space of 2189MB. Next heighlight the unpartitioned space by pressing down the arrow key. Then press C to create another partition. You will see the total space available for the new partition. Just choose all the space left over, in our case 2180MB. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp9.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp9.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 9 </strong>- Now you will see both partition listed. Partition 1 (C: Drive) 6000MB and Partition 2 (E: Drive) 2180MB. You will also have 8MB of unpartitioned space. Don't worry about that. Just leave it how its is. Windows normally has some unpartitioned space. You might wonder what happened to D: drive. Windows has automatically allocated D: drive to CD/DVD-ROM.</p><br /><p align="left">Select Partition 1 (C: Drive) and press Enter.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/windows_xp/winxp10.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp10.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 10</strong> - Choose format the partition using NTFS file system.This is the recommended file system. If the hard drive has been formatted before then you can choose quick NTFS format. We chose NTFS because it offers many security features, supports larger drive size, and bigger size files.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp11.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp11.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left">Windows will now start formatting drive C: and start copying setup files as shown on the two images below :</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp12.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp12.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp13.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp13.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><strong>Step 11 -</strong> After the setup has completed copying the files the computer will restart. Leave the XP CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is displayed. In few seconds setup will continue. Windows XP Setup wizard will guide you through the setup process of gathering information about your computer.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp14.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp14.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 12 -</strong> Choose your region and language. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp15.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp15.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 13 -</strong> Type in your name and organization. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp16.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp16.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 14.</strong> Enter your product key.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp17.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp17.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 15 -</strong> Name the computer, and enter an Administrator password. Don't forget to write down your Administrator password. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp18.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp18.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 16 -</strong> Enter the correct date, time and choose your time zone.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp19.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp19.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 17</strong> - For the network setting choose typical and press next.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp20.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp20.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 18 -</strong> Choose workgroup or domain name. If you are not a member of a domain then leave the default settings and press next. Windows will restart again and adjust the display.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp21.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp21.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><br /><p></p><br /><br /><br /><p>This procedure demonstrates how to install Windows XP Professional. The procedure to install Windows XP home edition is very similar to the professional edition. Since Windows XP Pro is more advanced operating system, it will be used to demonstrate the installation procedure.</p><br /><p>The best way install Windows XP is to do a clean install. It is not difficult to perform a clean installation. Before you perform the installation I recommend that you check <a href="ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/services/whql/hcl/WinXPHCLx86.txt" target="_blank">Windows XP Compatibility List</a> to ensure that your hardware is supported by XP. If your hardware is not on the compatibility list you can check your hardware manufactures website to download the drivers for Windows XP. Save all the necessary drivers onto floppy disks or CD before you start the installation.</p><br /><p>All versions of Windows XP CD are bootable. In order to boot from CD/DVD-ROM you need to set the boot sequence. Look for the boot sequence under your BIOS setup and make sure that the first boot device is set to CD/DVD-ROM. You can then perform the following steps to install Windows XP:</p><br /><p><strong>Step 1 - </strong>Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC should automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying "Press any key to boot from CD". Soon as computer starts booting from the CD your will get the following screen:</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp1.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp1.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 2 </strong>- At this stage it will ask you to press F6 if you want to install a third party Raid or SCSI driver. If you are using a an IDE Hard Drive then you do not need to press F6. If you are using a SCSI or SATA Hard drive then you must press F6 otherwise Windows will not detect your Hard Drive during the installation. Please make sure you have the Raid drivers on a floppy disk. Normally the drivers are supplied on a CD which you can copy to a floppy disk ready to be installed. If you are not sure how to do this then please read your motherboard manuals for more information. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp2.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp2.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 3</strong> - Press S to Specify that you want to install additional device.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp3.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp3.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 4</strong> - You will be asked to insert the floppy disk with the Raid or SCSI drivers. Press enter after you have inserted the disk.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp4.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp4.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 5</strong> - You will see a list of Raid drivers for your HDD. Select the correct driver for your device and press enter.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp5.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp5.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 6</strong> - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen. You have the option to do a new Windows install, Repair previous install or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just press Enter to continue.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp6.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp6.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="center"><a class="style1" href="http://www.blogger.com/windows_xp_p2.htm">Next - How to install Windows XP Page 2</a></p><br /><p align="center"><br /><br /></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><strong>Step 7</strong> - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and continue</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp7.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp7.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 8</strong> - This step is very important. Here we will create the partition where Windows will be installed. If you have a brand new unformatted drive you will get a screen similar to below. In our case the drive size is 8190MB. We can choose to install Windows in this drive without creating a partition, hence use the entire size of the drive. If you wish to do this you can just press enter and Windows will automatically partition and format the drive as one large drive.</p><br /><p align="left">However for this demonstration I will create two partition. The first partition will be 6000MB (C: drive) and second partition would be 2180MB (E: drive). By creating two partition we can have one which stores Windows and Applications and the other which stores our data. So in the future if anything goes wrong with our Windows install such as virus or spyware we can re-install Windows on C: drive and our data on E: drive will not be touched. Please note you can choose whatever size partition your like. For example if you have 500GB hard drive you can have two partition of 250GB each.</p><br /><p align="left">Press C to create a partition.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp8.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp8.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 8</strong> - Windows will show the total size of the hard drive and ask you how much you want to allocate for the partition you are about to create. I will choose 6000MB. You will then get the screen below. Notice it shows C: Partition 1 followed by the size 6000 MB. This indicates the partition has been created. We still have an unpartitioned space of 2189MB. Next heighlight the unpartitioned space by pressing down the arrow key. Then press C to create another partition. You will see the total space available for the new partition. Just choose all the space left over, in our case 2180MB. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp9.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp9.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 9 </strong>- Now you will see both partition listed. Partition 1 (C: Drive) 6000MB and Partition 2 (E: Drive) 2180MB. You will also have 8MB of unpartitioned space. Don't worry about that. Just leave it how its is. Windows normally has some unpartitioned space. You might wonder what happened to D: drive. Windows has automatically allocated D: drive to CD/DVD-ROM.</p><br /><p align="left">Select Partition 1 (C: Drive) and press Enter.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/windows_xp/winxp10.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp10.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 10</strong> - Choose format the partition using NTFS file system.This is the recommended file system. If the hard drive has been formatted before then you can choose quick NTFS format. We chose NTFS because it offers many security features, supports larger drive size, and bigger size files.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp11.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp11.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left">Windows will now start formatting drive C: and start copying setup files as shown on the two images below :</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp12.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp12.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp13.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp13.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><strong>Step 11 -</strong> After the setup has completed copying the files the computer will restart. Leave the XP CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is displayed. In few seconds setup will continue. Windows XP Setup wizard will guide you through the setup process of gathering information about your computer.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp14.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp14.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 12 -</strong> Choose your region and language. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp15.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp15.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 13 -</strong> Type in your name and organization. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp16.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp16.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 14.</strong> Enter your product key.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp17.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp17.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 15 -</strong> Name the computer, and enter an Administrator password. Don't forget to write down your Administrator password. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp18.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp18.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 16 -</strong> Enter the correct date, time and choose your time zone.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp19.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp19.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 17</strong> - For the network setting choose typical and press next.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp20.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp20.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 18 -</strong> Choose workgroup or domain name. If you are not a member of a domain then leave the default settings and press next. Windows will restart again and adjust the display.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp21.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp21.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p class="style1" align="center"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/windows_xp_p4.htm">Next - How to install Windows XP Page 4</a></p><br /><p align="center"><br /><br /></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><p><strong>Step 19 -</strong> Finally Windows will start and present you with a Welcome screen. Click next to continue.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp22.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp22.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 20</strong> - Choose <em>'help protect my PC by turning on automatic updates now'</em> and press next.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp23.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp23.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 21</strong> - Will this computer connect to the internet directly, or through a network? If you are connected to a router or LAN then choose: <em>'Yes, this computer will connect through a local area network or home network'</em>. If you have dial up modem choose: <em>'No, this computer will connect directly to the internet'.</em> Then click Next.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp24.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp24.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 22</strong> - Ready to activate Windows? Choose yes if you wish to active Windows over the internet now. Choose no if you want to activate Windows at a later stage.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp25.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp25.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 23 -</strong> Add users that will sign on to this computer and click next.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp26.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp26.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left"><strong>Step 24</strong> - You will get a Thank you screen to confirm setup is complete. Click finish.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp27.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com./pics/windows_xp/small/winxp27.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 25.</strong> Log in, to your PC for the first time. </p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp28.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp28.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p><strong>Step 26</strong> - You now need to check the device manager to confirm that all the drivers has been loaded or if there are any conflicts. From the start menu select <strong>Start -> Settings -> Control Panel</strong>. Click on the <strong>System</strong> icon and then from the <strong>System Properties </strong>window select the <strong>Hardware </strong>tab, then click on <strong>Device Manager</strong>.</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/winxp29.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/winxp29.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left">If there are any yellow exclamation mark "<strong>!</strong>" next to any of the listed device, it means that no drivers or incorrect drivers has been loaded for that device. In our case we have a Video Controller (VGA card) which has no drivers installed. </p><br /><p align="left">Your hardware should come with manufacturer supplied drivers. You need to install these drivers using the automatic setup program provided by the manufacturer or you need to manually install these drivers. If you do not have the drivers, check the manufacturers website to download them.</p><br /><p align="left">To install a driver manually use the following procedure:</p><br /><p align="left"><strong>(a)</strong> From the device manager double click on the device containing the exclamation mark.</p><br /><p align="left"><strong>(b)</strong> This would open a device properties window.</p><br /><p align="left"><strong>(c)</strong> Click on the <strong>Driver</strong> tab.</p><br /><p align="left"><strong>(d)</strong> Click Update Driver button. The Wizard for updating device driver pops up as shown below:</p><br /><p align="center"><a href="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/driver_update.jpg"><img border="0" alt="Windows XP Screenshot - Click to enlarge" src="http://www.buildeasypc.com/pics/windows_xp/small/driver_update.jpg" width="200" height="150" /></a></p><br /><p align="left">You now get two options. The first option provides an automatic search for the required driver. The second option allows you to specify the location of the driver. If you don't know the location of the driver choose the automatic search which would find the required driver from the manufacturer supplied CD or Floppy disk. Windows would install the required driver and may ask you to restart the system for the changes to take affect. Use this procedure to install drivers for all the devices that contain an exclamation mark. Windows is completely setup when there are no more exclamation marks in the device manager.</p>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-61404173930605783972009-08-20T03:53:00.000-07:002009-08-27T02:07:55.293-07:00DEADLOCK DETECTION<ul>
<br /><li>The system may enter a deadlock state</li>
<br /><li>The system needs:</li></ul>
<br /><p> -an algorithm that periodically determines wheather a deadlock has occured in the system</p>
<br /><p> -a procedure to recover from a deadlock</p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li> Two algorithms</li></ul>
<br /><p>1) one instance for resource type</p>
<br /><p>2)multiple instance for resource type</p>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-30499187416986660372009-08-20T03:50:00.000-07:002009-08-27T02:07:55.298-07:00DEADLOCK RECOVERY<div><br />•Abort all deadlocked processes.<br />•Abort one process at a time until the deadlock cycle is eliminated.<br />•In which order should we choose to abort?<br /></div>
<br /><div>–Priority of the process.<br />–How long process has computed, and how much longer to completion.<br />–Resources the process has used.<br />–Resources process needs to complete.<br />–How many processes will need to be terminated.<br />–Is process interactive or batch?<br /></div>
<br /><div><br />•<strong>Selecting a victim</strong> – minimize cost<br />•<strong>Rollback </strong>– return to some safe state, restart process from that state<br />–Require the system to keep more information about the state of all the running processes<br />•<strong>Starvation</strong> – same process may always be picked as victim, include number of rollback in cost factor<br /></div>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-39997959010853391262009-08-20T03:43:00.000-07:002009-08-27T02:07:55.302-07:00DEADLOCK PREVENTION<div><strong><br />-Ensure that at least one of the necessary conditions cannot hold<br />-Prevent deadlocks by constraining how requests for resources can be made<br /></strong></div>
<br /><div><strong><br />•Mutual Exclusion –</strong> not required for sharable resources; must hold for non-sharable resources<br /><strong>•Hold and Wait –</strong> must guarantee that whenever a process requests a resource, it does not hold any other resources<strong>.</strong><br /><strong>–Method 1:</strong> require each process to request and be allocated all its resources before it begins execution<br /></div>
<br /><div><strong>–Method 2:</strong> allow a process to request resources only when the process has none<strong><br />–Example: </strong>copy data from tape drive to disk file, sort disk file, prin<strong>t<br /></strong></div>
<br /><div><strong>–Disadvantage<br /></strong><strong></strong></div>
<br /><div><strong>•Low resource utilization<br /></div></strong>
<br /><div><strong>•Starvation possible </strong></div>
<br /><p><strong></strong> </p>
<br /><p><strong><br />•No Preemption –</strong> if process A holding resources requests another resource that cannot be immediately allocated to it<br /><strong>–Method 1:</strong> All resources currently being held by A are preempted </p>
<br /><p><strong>•</strong>Preempted resources are added to A’s waiting resource list<br /></p>
<br /><p>A will be restarted only when it can regain its old resources, as well as the new ones that it is requesting<strong>.<br />–Method 2: </strong>Check the requested resources for following conditions<br /></p>
<br /><p><strong>•</strong>If it is allocated to a process waiting for additional resources, preempt it from the waiting process and allocate it to A<br />•If it is held by a process not waiting, A must wait<br />–A’s resources may be preempted, but only if another process requests them<br /></p>
<br /><div><strong><br />•Circular Wait – </strong>impose a total ordering of all resource types<br />–Example: F(tape drive) = 1, F(disk drive) = 5, F(Printer) = 12<strong><br />•</strong>F is defined according to the normal order of resource usage<br /><strong>–Method 1:</strong> require that each process requests resources in an increasing order of enumeration<br /><strong>•</strong>OK if tape drive è disk drive è Printer<br />•Not OK if disk drive è tape drive è Printer<br /><strong>–Method 2:</strong> Whenever a process requests an instance of Rj, it has released any resources Ri such that F(Ri) > F(Rj)<br /></div>
<br /><div><br /> </div>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-65119988932763120612009-08-20T03:41:00.000-07:002009-08-27T02:07:55.310-07:00METHODS for HANDLING DEADLOCKS<div><br />•Use a protocol to prevent or avoid deadlocks, ensuring that the system will never enter a deadlock state<br />–Deadlock prevention<br />–Deadlock avoidance<br /></div>
<br /><div>•Allow the system to enter a deadlock state, detect it and then recover<br /></div>
<br /><div>•Ignore the problem and pretend that deadlocks never occur in the system<br />–Used by most operating systems, including UNIX<br />–The undetected deadlock will result in the deterioration of the system performance. Eventually, the system will stop functioning and will need to be restarted manually</div>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-37766212650785296482009-08-20T03:33:00.000-07:002009-08-27T02:07:55.326-07:00DEADLOCK CHARACTERIZATION<div> •Mutual exclusion: At least one resource must be held in a non-sharable mode<br /></div>
<br /><div>•Hold and wait: a process holding at least one resource is waiting to acquire additional resources held by others </div>
<br /><div><br />•No preemption: a resource can be released only voluntarily by the process holding it, after it has completed its task<br /></div>
<br /><div>•Circular wait: there exists a set {P0, P1, …, P0} of waiting processes such that P0 is waiting for a resource that is held by P1, P1 is waiting for a resource that is held by P2, …, Pn–1 is waiting for a resource that is held by Pn, and Pn is waiting for a resource that is held by P0.<br /></div>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-69774570531797059062009-08-19T05:12:00.000-07:002009-08-19T05:15:13.476-07:00Multiprocessor Scheduling<ul><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">CPU scheduling</span> more complex when multiple CPUs are available</li></ul><br /><ul><li style="font-weight: bold;">Homogeneous processors within a multiprocessor</li></ul><br /><ul><li style="font-weight: bold;">Load sharing</li></ul><br /><ul><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Asymmetric multiprocessing</span> – only one processor accesses the system data structures, alleviating the need for data sharing</li></ul>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-64293243699862148472009-08-13T04:10:00.000-07:002009-08-19T05:15:12.366-07:00Real-Time Scheduling-<strong>Real-Time Scheduling</strong> (1) (2)<br /><br /><strong>Real-time scheduling</strong> is becoming an increasingly important discipline, in which the scheduler is the most important component of a real-time system.In a real-time system, time is an essential role. Real-time computing may be defined as that typo of computing in which the correctness of the system depends not only on the logical result of he computation, but also on the time at which the results are produced. For example, the computer in a compact disc player gets the bits as they come off the drive and must convert them into music within a very tight interval. If the calculation takes too long, the music will sound peculiar.<br /><br /><br />Real-time tasks can be classified into two categories:<br /><br />-<strong>hard real-time task</strong>: the task must meet its deadline; otherwise it will cause undesirable damage or a fatal error to the system.<br />-<strong>soft real-time task</strong>: there is an associated deadline that is desirable but not mandatory.<br /><br />Another characteristic of real-time task is whether they are periodic or aperiodic. A periodic task is one that occurs at regular intervals, while an aperiodic task occurs unpredictably. If there are m periodic events and event i occurs with period Pi and requires Ci seconds of CPU time to handle each event, then the load can only be handled if<br /><br />(1)<br /><strong>A real-time system</strong> that meets this criterion is said to be schedulable.<br /><br /><strong>Real-time scheduling algorithm: </strong>(2)<br /><br />In a real-time system, the various scheduling approaches depends on<br /><br />1)whether the system performs schedulability analysis<br />2)if it does, whether it is done statically or dynamically<br />3)whether the result of the analysis itself produces a schedule or plan according to which tasks are dispatched at run time.<br /><br /><br />Based on these considerations, there can be these algorithms:<br /><ul><li><strong>Static table</strong>-driven schedulingThis is applicable to tasks that are periodic. Input to the analysis consists of the periodic arrival time, execution time, periodic ending deadline, and relative priority of each task. The scheduler attempts to develop a schedule that enables it to meet the requirement of all periodic tasks. This is a predictable approach but inflexible because any change to any task requirement requires the scheduler be redone. One of the typical scheduling algorithms in this category is <strong>earliest-deadline-first</strong>.<br /><strong></strong></li><li><strong>Static priority</strong>-driven preemptive schedulingIt makes use of the priority-driven preemptive scheduling mechanism common to most non-real-time multiprogramming system. In real-time system, priority assignment is related to the time constraints associated with each task. One example of this approach is rate monotonic algorithm, which assigns static priorities to tasks based on the length of their periods.<br /></li><li><strong>Dynamic planning</strong>-based schedulingWith this approach, after one task arrives, but before its execution begins, an attempt is made to create a schedule that contains the previously scheduled tasks as well as the new arrival. If the new arrival can be scheduled in such a way that its deadlines are satisfied and that no currently scheduled task misses a deadline, then the schedule is revised to accommodate the new task.<br /></li><li><strong>Dynamic best effort scheduling-</strong>This is the approach used by many real-time systems that are currently commercially available. When a task arrives, the system assigns a priority based on the characteristics of the task. Some forms of the deadline scheduling, such a earliest-deadline scheduling, is typically used. Usually the tasks are aperiodic and so no static scheduling analysis is possible. With this type of scheduling, until a deadline arrives or until the task completes, we do not know whether a timing constraint will be met. This is the major disadvantage of this form of scheduling. The advantage of this approach is easy to implement</li></ul>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-20982968446707170022009-08-13T04:05:00.000-07:002009-08-19T05:15:13.482-07:00Thread Scheduling<div>-Across platforms, thread scheduling1 tends to be based on at least the following criteria:<br />a priority, or in fact usually multiple "priority" settings that we'll discuss below; a quantum, or number of allocated timeslices of CPU, which essentially determines the amount of CPU time a thread is allotted before it is forced to yield the CPU to another thread of the same or lower priority (the system will keep track of the remaining quantum at any given time, plus its default quantum, which could depend on thread type and/or system configuration); a state, notably "runnable" vs "waiting"; metrics about the behaviour of threads, such as recent CPU usage or the time since it last ran (i.e. had a share of CPU), or the fact that it has "just received an event it was waiting for". Most systems use what we might dub priority-based round-robin scheduling to some extent. The general principles are:<br />a thread of higher priority (which is a function of base and local priorities) will preempt a thread of lower priority; otherwise, threads of equal priority will essentially take turns at getting an allocated slice or quantum of CPU; there are a few extra "tweaks" to make things work. StatesDepending on the system, there are various states that a thread can be in. Probably the two most interesting are:<br />runnable, which essentially means "ready to consume CPU"; being runnable is generally the minimum requirement for a thread to actually be scheduled on to a CPU; waiting, meaning that the thread currently cannot continue as it is waiting for a resource such as a lock or I/O, for memory to be paged in, for a signal from another thread, or simply for a period of time to elapse (sleep). </div><br /><div><br /></div>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-67986868436666063242009-08-10T17:28:00.000-07:002009-08-10T19:06:50.855-07:00SUBSTANTIAL INFORMATION ABOUT THREADS (least atleast three OS)<p> Windows Microsoft<br /></p><p>A <em>thread</em> is the entity within a process that can be scheduled for execution. All threads of a process share its virtual address space and system resources. Each process is started with a single thread, but can create additional threads from any of its threads.</p> <p>For more information, see the following topics:<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span></p><p> * Creating Threads<br /> * Thread Stack Size<br /> * Thread Handles and Identifiers<br /> * Suspending Thread Execution<br /> * Synchronizing Execution of Multiple Threads<br /> * Multiple Threads and GDI Objects<br /> * Thread Local Storage<br /> * Creating Windows in Threads<br /> * Terminating a Thread<br /> * Thread Security and Access Rights</p><br /><p><br /></p><br /><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></p> <p><!----></p> jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-32836271694252701722009-08-10T17:17:00.000-07:002009-08-10T19:06:50.862-07:00CPU SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS<span style="font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">First-come, first-served (FCFS) scheduling</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">2.</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Shortest-job first (SJF) scheduling</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">3.</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Priority scheduling</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">4.</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Round-robin scheduling</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">5.</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Multilevel queue scheduling</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">6.</span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Multilevel feedback queue scheduling<br /><br /><br /></span><ul style="font-style: italic;"><li><span style="font-weight: bold;"> First-come, First-served (FCFS) scheduling </span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> -is the simplest scheduling algorithm, but it can cause short processes to wait for very long processes.<br /><br /><br /></span><ul style="font-style: italic;"><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Shortest-job-first (SJF) scheduling<br /></span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">-is provably optimal, providing the shortest average waiting time. Implementing SJF scheduling is difficult because predicting the length of the next CPU burst is difficult. The SJF algorithm is a special case of the general<br /><br /></span><ul style="font-style: italic;"><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Priority-scheduling algorithm,</span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">- which simply allocates the CPU to the highest-priority process. Both priority and SJF scheduling may suffer from starvation. Aging is a technique to prevent starvation.</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><br /><br /></span><ul style="font-style: italic;"><li><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Round-robin (RR) scheduling</span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">- is more appropriate for a time-shared (interactive) system. RR scheduling allocates the CPU to the first process in the ready queue for q time units, where q is the time quantum. After q time units, if the process has not relinquished the CPU, it is preempted and the process is put at the tail of the ready queue. The major problem is the selection of the time quantum. If the quantum is too large, RR scheduling degenerates to FCFS scheduling; if the quantum is too small, scheduling overhead in the form of context-switch time becomes excessive.</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><br />The FCFS algorithm is nonpreemptive, the RR algorithm is preemptive. The SJF and priority algorithms may be either preemptive or nonpreemptive.<br /><br /></span><ul style="font-style: italic;"><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Multilevel queue algorithms<br /></span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">-allow different algorithms to be used for various classes of processes. The most common is a foreground interactive queue which uses RR scheduling, and a background batch queue, which uses FCFS scheduling.<br /></span><ul style="font-style: italic;"><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Multilevel feedback queues<br /></span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">-allow processes to move from one queue to another.</span><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><br />Because such a wide variety of scheduling algorithms are available, we need methods to select among them. Analytic methods use mathematical analysis to determine the performance of an algorithm. Simulation methods determine performance by imitating the scheduling algorithm on a “representative” sample of processes, and computing the resulting performance.<br /><br /><br /> Operating Systems supporting threads at the kernel level must schedule threads - not processes - for execution. This is the case with Solaris 2 and Windows 2000 where both systems schedule threads using preemptive priority based on scheduling algorithm including support for real-time threads. The Linux process scheduler also uses a priority-based algorithm with real-time supports as well. The scheduling algorithms for these three operating systems typically favor interactive over batch and CPU-bound processes.systems typically favor interactive over batch and CPU-bound processes.<br /></span>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-10904115717753009822009-07-30T03:16:00.000-07:002009-07-30T04:19:01.863-07:00TRHEADS<div>-In computer science, a thread of execution results from a fork of a computer program into two or more concurrently running tasks. The implementation of threads and processes differs from one operating system to another, but in most cases, a thread is contained inside a process. Multiple threads can exist within the same process and share resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources.<br />On a single processor, multithreading generally occurs by time-division multiplexing (as in multitasking): the processor switches between different threads. This context switching generally happens frequently enough that the user perceives the threads or tasks as running at the same time. On a multiprocessor or multi-core system, the threads or tasks will generally run at the same time, with each processor or core running a particular thread or task. Support for threads in programming languages varies: a number of languages simply do not support having more than one execution context inside the same program executing at the same time. Examples of such languages include Python, and OCaml, because the parallel support of their runtime support is limited by the use of a central lock, called "Global Interpreter Lock" in Python, "master lock" in Ocaml. Other languages may be limited because they use threads that are user threads, which are not visible to the kernel, and thus cannot be scheduled to run concurrently. On the other hand, kernel threads, which are visible to the kernel, can run concurrently.<br />Many modern operating systems directly support both time-sliced and multiprocessor threading with a process scheduler. The kernel of an operating system allows programmers to manipulate threads via the system call interface. Some implementations are called a kernel thread, whereas a lightweight process (LWP) is a specific type of kernel thread that shares the same state and information.<br />Programs can have user-space threads when threading with timers, signals, or other methods to interrupt their own execution, performing a sort of ad-hoc time-slicing.</div>
<br /><div> </div>
<br /><div>-single threaded process</div>
<br /><div>-multi threaded process</div>
<br /><div> </div>
<br /><div>-Benefits of Multi-threaded Programming</div>
<br /><div> </div>
<br /><div> -Responsiveness</div>
<br /><div> -Resource Sharing</div>
<br /><div> -Economy</div>
<br /><div> -Utilization of MP Architechtures</div>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li>User Thread</li></ul>
<br /><p> -Thread management done by user-level threads library</p>
<br /><p> (e.g.):</p>
<br /><p> 1. POSIX Pthreads</p>
<br /><p> 2. Mach C-threads</p>
<br /><p> 3.Solaris threads</p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li>Kernel Thread</li></ul>
<br /><p> - Supported by Kernel </p>
<br /><p> (e.g.):</p>
<br /><p> 1.Windows 95/98/NT/2000</p>
<br /><p> 2.Solaris</p>
<br /><p> 3.Tru64 UNIX</p>
<br /><p> 4.BeOS</p>
<br /><p> 5.Linux</p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li>Thread Library</li></ul>
<br /><p> </p>
<br /><p> </p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li>Multithreading models</li></ul>
<br /><p> 1)Many-to-one Model</p>
<br /><p>-Many user-level threads mapped to single kernel thread.</p>
<br /><p>-Used on systems that do not supported kernel threads.</p>
<br /><p> </p>
<br /><p> 2)One-to-One Model</p>
<br /><p>-Each user-level thread maps to kernel thread.</p>
<br /><p>(e.g.):</p>
<br /><p>-Windows 95/98/NT/2000</p>
<br /><p>-OS/2</p>
<br /><div> 3)Many-to-Many Model</div>
<br /><div>-Allows many user level threads to be mapped to many kernel threads.</div>
<br /><div>-Allows the operating system to create a sufficient number of kernel threads.</div>
<br /><div>-Solaris 2</div>
<br /><div>-Windows NT/2000 with the ThreadFiber package.</div>
<br /><div> </div>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-45485411591072591322009-07-30T03:13:00.000-07:002009-07-31T23:19:39.027-07:00Producer-Consumer ExampleOne process generates data – the producer<p align="justify"> • The other process uses it – the consumer</p><p align="justify"> • If directly connected – time coordination</p><p align="justify"><br /></p><p align="justify"><br /></p><p align="justify"> How would they coordinate the time ?</p><p align="justify"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt9fazgkQX4A0mcfraz7mTKGVG0mQHNTU6H3rhzhz3CNcOLSg8Tvk2f1_Q3Y-CDSC9bgn-dNouQTqhWzmzZecTL_sZzCRyaXy86D8tLMHz8wpeznya9TPlc0J4Vz9aSoUXjFAyyhghwAXG/s400/12.bmp"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 130px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt9fazgkQX4A0mcfraz7mTKGVG0mQHNTU6H3rhzhz3CNcOLSg8Tvk2f1_Q3Y-CDSC9bgn-dNouQTqhWzmzZecTL_sZzCRyaXy86D8tLMHz8wpeznya9TPlc0J4Vz9aSoUXjFAyyhghwAXG/s400/12.bmp" alt="" border="0" /></a></p>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-29015133245937310522009-07-30T02:47:00.000-07:002009-07-30T04:19:01.869-07:00BUFFERING<div>-The mechanism that buffers messages (a.k.a. queue)</div>
<br /><div>may have the following properties</div><br /><br />
<br /><ul><br /><br />
<br /><li>zero capacity-queue has lenght 0, no messages can be out standing on link, sender blocks for message exchange.</li><br /><br />
<br /><li>bounded capacity-queue has length N, N message can be in queue at any point in time, sender blocks if queue at any point in tme, sender blocks if queue is full, otherwise it may continue to execute.</li><br /><br />
<br /><li>unbounded capacity- queue has infinite length, sender never blocks</li></ul>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-12451730249504696282009-07-30T02:08:00.000-07:002009-07-30T04:19:01.873-07:00INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION<div>*-*Inter-process communication (IPC) is a set of techniques for the exchange of data among multiple threads in one or more processes. Processes may be running on one or more computers connected by a network. IPC techniques are divided into methods for message passing, synchronization, shared memory, and remote procedure calls (RPC). The method of IPC used may vary based on the bandwidth and latency of communication between the threads, and the type of data being communicated.<br /></div><br />
<br /><div>There are several reasons for providing an environment that allows process cooperation:<br />-Information sharing</div><br />
<br /><div>-Computation speedup </div><br />
<br /><div>-Modularity</div><br />
<br /><div>- Convenience </div><br />
<br /><div></div><br />
<br /><div></div><br />
<br /><div>1)<strong>Direct Communication</strong></div>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li> sender/reciever refer to each other, as seen before<br /></li>
<br /><li>properties of communication link </li></ul>
<br /><p> -link is associated with exactly two processes </p>
<br /><p> -exactly one link for every pair of processes<br /></p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li>communication is symmetric (above) or asymmetric </li></ul><br />
<br /><div><strong></strong></div><br />
<br /><div>2)<strong>Indirect Communication</strong></div>
<br /><div></div><br />
<br /><div>3)<strong>Synchronization</strong>-message passing maybe blocking or non-blocking (synchronous or asynchronous)</div><br />
<br /><ul><br />
<br /><li>blocking send-sender bloked until message is recieve by receiver (orby mailbox)</li><br />
<br /><li>Non-blocking send-sending process resumes operation right after sending.</li><br />
<br /><li>blocking receive-reiever blocks until message is available.<br /></li>
<br /><li>nonblocking receive-receiver retrieves a vald message or returns an error code.</li></ul>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-72185379938102076832009-07-16T03:39:00.001-07:002009-07-16T03:48:00.836-07:005)INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION<ul>
<br /><li><strong><em>For Communication and Synchronization</em></strong></li></ul>
<br /><p><em>-Share memory</em></p>
<br /><p><em>-OS provide IPC</em></p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li><em><strong>Message system</strong></em></li></ul>
<br /><p><em>-No need for shared available</em></p>
<br /><p><em>-Two operations:</em></p>
<br /><p><em>1.<strong>send (message)</strong>-message fixed or variable</em></p>
<br /><p><em>2.<strong>recieve message</strong></em></p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li><em><strong>if P and Q wish to communicate, they need to</strong>:</em></li></ul>
<br /><p><em>-establish a communication link betweeen them</em></p>
<br /><p><em>-exchange message via send/ recieve</em></p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li><em><strong>Implemention of communication Link</strong></em></li></ul>
<br /><p><em>-physical(e.g. , shared memory, hardware bus)</em></p>
<br /><p><em>-logical(e.g. , logical properties)</em></p>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-31904234471280367282009-07-16T03:21:00.000-07:002009-07-16T03:48:00.842-07:004)COOPERATING PROCESSES<ul>
<br /><li><em><strong>Advantages of process cooperation</strong></em></li></ul>
<br /><div><em><strong> -Information sharing</strong></em></div>
<br /><div><em><strong> -Comunication speed-up</strong></em></div>
<br /><div><em><strong> -Modularity</strong></em></div>
<br /><div><em><strong> -Convinience</strong></em></div>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li><em><strong>Independent process connot affect/be affected by the execution of another process, cooperating once can.</strong></em></li>
<br /><li><em><strong>Issue</strong></em></li></ul>
<br /><p><em> <strong>-Communication</strong></em></p>
<br /><p><em> -<strong>avoid processes getting into each other's ways</strong></em></p>
<br /><p><em> -<strong>Ensure proper sequencing when there are dependencies</strong></em></p>
<br /><ul>
<br /><li><strong><em>Common Paradigm:producer costumer</em></strong></li></ul>
<br /><p><em>-<strong>unbounded-buffer</strong> - no practical consumer</em></p>
<br /><p><em>-<strong>bounded buffer</strong>-assumes fixed buffer size</em></p>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-42114772317365724942009-07-16T02:11:00.001-07:002009-07-16T02:58:07.654-07:003)OPERATION PROCESS<p><em>a)<strong><span style="font-size:130%;">Process Creation</span></strong></em></p><br /><p><em><strong><span style="font-size:130%;">-</span></strong>Parent process create children processes, which, in turn create other processes, forming a tree of processes.<br /></em></p><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em><strong><span style="font-size:130%;">Resource sharing</span></strong><br /></em></li></ul><br /><ol><br /><li><em>Parent and children share all resources.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Children share subset of parent’s resources.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Parent and child share no resources.<br /></em></li></ol><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em><strong><span style="font-size:130%;">Execution</span> </strong><br /></em></li></ul><br /><ol><br /><li><em>Parent and children execute concurrently.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Parent waits until children terminate. </em></li></ol><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em><span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Address space </strong></span><br /></em></li></ul><br /><ol><br /><li><em>Child duplicate of parent. </em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Child has a program loaded into it. </em></li></ol><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em><strong>UNIX examples </strong><br /></em></li></ul><br /><ol><br /><li><em><strong>fork</strong> system call creates new process<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>exec</strong> system call used after a fork to replace the process’ memory space with a new program.<br /></em></li></ol><br /><br /><p><em>b)<strong><span style="font-size:130%;">Process Termination</span></strong></em></p><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em>Process executes last statement and asks the operating system to decide it (exit).</em></li></ul><br /><br /><ol><br /><br /><li><em>Output data from child to parent (via wait).<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Process resources are deallocated by operating system. </em></li></ol><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em><span style="font-size:130%;">Parent may terminate execution of children processes (abort).</span><br /></em></li></ul><br /><ol><br /><li><em>Child has exceeded allocated resources.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Task assigned to child is no longer required.<br /></em></li></ol><br /><br /><p><em><strong>-Parent is exiting</strong>.<br /></em></p><br /><ol><br /><li><em>Operating system does not allow child to continue if its parent terminates.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Cascading termination.<br /></em></li></ol>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-75011733485084421182009-07-16T02:04:00.000-07:002009-07-16T02:53:47.065-07:002)PROCESS SCHEDULING<p><em>a)<span style="font-size:130%;">Scheduling Queues</span></em></p><em>-Scheduling is a key concept in computer multitasking and multiprocessing operating system design, and in real-time operating system design. In modern operating systems, there are typically many more processes running than there are CPUs available to run them. Scheduling refers to the way processes are assigned to run on the available CPUs. This assignment is carried out by software known as a scheduler.<br /><br /><br /></em><ul><br /><br /><li><em>Job queue – set of all processes in the system.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Ready queue – set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and waiting to execute.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Device queues – set of processes waiting for an I/O device.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Process migration between the various queues.<br /></em></li></ul><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><em>b)<strong>Schedulers</strong></em></span><br /><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em>Long-term scheduler (or job scheduler) – selects which processes should be brought into the ready queue.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Short-term scheduler (or CPU scheduler) – selects which process should be executed next and allocates CPU. </em></li></ul><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /><p><span style="font-size:100%;"><em></em></span></p><br /><br /><ol><br /><br /><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><em>Short-term scheduler is invoked very frequently (milliseconds) Þ (must be fast).<br /></em></span></li><br /><br /><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><em>Long-term scheduler is invoked very infrequently (seconds, minutes) Þ (may be slow).<br /></em></span></li><br /><br /><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><em>The long-term scheduler controls the degree of multiprogramming.<br /></em></span></li><br /><br /><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><em>Processes can be described as either:<br /></em></span></li><br /><br /><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><em>I/O-bound process – spends more time doing I/O than computations, many short CPU bursts.<br /></em></span></li><br /><br /><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><em>CPU-bound process – spends more time doing computations; few very long CPU bursts.<br /><br /></em></span></li></ol></span><br /><br /><em></em><br /><br /><br /><p><em>c)<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Context Switch</strong></span></em></p><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><span style="font-size:130%;"></span><em>When CPU switches to another process, the system must save the state of the old process and load the saved state for the new process.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Context-switch time is overhead; the system does no useful work while switching.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em>Time dependent on hardware support.<br /></em></li></ul>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-68841808763392925782009-07-16T01:43:00.000-07:002009-07-16T02:58:07.654-07:002nd Trinal<em>1.<span style="font-size:180%;">The Concept of Process</span></em><br /><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em>An operating system executes a variety of programs:<br /></em></li></ul><br /><ol><br /><li><em>Batch system – jobs<br /></em></li><br /><li><em>Time-shared systems – user programs or tasks .</em></li></ol><br /><ul><br /><li><em><strong>Textbook uses the terms job and process almost interchangeably.</strong><br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>Process</strong> – a program in execution; process execution must progress in sequential fashion.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>A process includes</strong>:<br /></em></li><br /></ul><br /><ol><br /><li><em><strong>program counter</strong> - is a processor register that indicates where the computer is in its instruction sequence. Depending on the details of the particular computer, the program counter holds either the address of the instruction being executed, or the address of the next instruction to be executed.<br /></em></li><br /><li><em><strong>stack </strong>-abstract data type and data structure based on the principle of Last In First Out (LIFO)<br /></em></li><br /><li><em><strong>data section</strong> -This low-level code is used, among other things, to initialize and test the system hardware prior to booting the OS<br /></em></li></ol><br /><br /><p><em>a)<strong><span style="font-size:130%;">Process State</span>-</strong> As a process executes, it changes state </em></p><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em><strong>new</strong>: The process is being created.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>running</strong>: Instructions are being executed.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>waiting</strong>: The process is waiting for some event to occur.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>ready:</strong> The process is waiting to be assigned to a process.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>terminated</strong>: The process has finished execution</em></li></ul><br /><br /><p><em>b)<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Process Control Block</strong></span></em></p><br /><p><em>- Information associated with each process.<br /></em></p><br /><br /><ul><br /><br /><li><em><strong>Process state</strong> - The status of a process as running, ready, blocked, etc.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>Program counter</strong>- is a processor register that indicates where the computer is in its instruction sequence. Depending on the details of the particular computer, the program counter holds either the address of the instruction being executed, or the address of the next instruction to be executed.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>CPU registers</strong> -In computer architecture, a processor register is a small amount of storage available on the CPU whose contents can be accessed more quickly than storage available elsewhere<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>CPU scheduling information</strong><br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>Memory</strong>-management information -a multiprogramming operating system kernel must be responsible for managing all system memory which is currently in use by programs. This ensures that a program does not interfere with memory already used by another program. Since programs time share, each program must have independent access to memory.<br /></em></li><br /><br /><li><em><strong>Accounting information -</strong>An accounting information system (AIS) is the system of records a business keeps to maintain its accounting system. This includes the purchase, sales, and other financial processes of the business. The purpose of an AIS is to accumulate data and provide decision makers (investors, creditors, and managers) with information</em><strong><em>.<br /><br /></em></strong></li><br /><br /><li><strong><em>I/O status information</em></strong></li></ul><br /><br /><em>c)<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Threads</strong></span></em><br /><br /><ul><br /><li><em>In computer science, a thread of execution results from a fork of a computer program into two or more concurrently running tasks. The implementation of threads and processes differs from one operating system to another, but in most cases, a thread is contained inside a process. Multiple threads can exist within the same process and share resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources.</em></li></ul><br /><p><em></em></p><br /><ul><br /><li><em>On a single processor, multithreading generally occurs by time-division multiplexing (as in multitasking): the processor switches between different threads. This context switching generally happens frequently enough that the user perceives the threads or tasks as running at the same time. On a multiprocessor or multi-core system, the threads or tasks will generally run at the same time, with each processor or core running a particular thread or task. Support for threads in programming languages varies: a number of languages simply do not support having more than one execution context inside the same program executing at the same time. Examples of such languages include Python, and OCaml, because the parallel support of their runtime support is limited by the use of a central lock, called "Global Interpreter Lock" in Python, "master lock" in Ocaml. Other languages may be limited because they use threads that are user threads, which are not visible to the kernel, and thus cannot be scheduled to run concurrently. On the other hand, kernel threads, which are visible to the kernel, can run concurrently.<br /></em></li></ul><br /><p><em></em></p><br /><ul><br /><li><em>Many modern operating systems directly support both time-sliced and multiprocessor threading with a process scheduler. The kernel of an operating system allows programmers to manipulate threads via the system call interface. Some implementations are called a kernel thread, whereas a lightweight process (LWP) is a specific type of kernel thread that shares the same state and information.<br />Programs can have user-space threads when threading with timers, signals, or other methods to interrupt their own execution, performing a sort of ad-hoc time-slicing.<br /></em></li></ul>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-40304189093939587152009-07-02T03:16:00.000-07:002009-07-02T04:13:59.575-07:00OPERATING SYSTEM SERVICES<ul><br />
<br /><li>Program execution – system capability to load a program into memory and to run it.<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>I/O operations – since user programs cannot execute I/O operations directly, the operating system must provide some means to perform I/O.<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>File-system manipulation – program capability to read, write, create, and delete files.<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>Communications – exchange of information between processes executing either on the same computer or on different systems tied together by a network. Implemented via shared memory or message passing.<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>Error detection – ensure correct computing by detecting errors in the CPU and memory hardware, in I/O devices, or in user programs.<br /></li></ul>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3172144357112556164.post-29499393157428490092009-07-02T03:10:00.000-07:002009-07-02T04:13:59.580-07:00CHAPTER 3: OPERATING STRUCTURES<div>SYTEM COMPONENTS</div><br />
<br /><div></div><br />
<br /><ul><br />
<br /><li>Operating Systems Process Management<br />-A process is a program in execution. A process needs certain resources, including CPU time, memory, files, and I/O devices, to accomplish its task.<br />-The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management.<br />1.Process creation and deletion.<br />2.Process suspension and resumption.<br />3.Provision of mechanisms for:<br />-process synchronization<br />-process communication<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>Main Memory Mangement-<br />-Memory is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address. It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and I/O devices.<br />-Main memory is a volatile storage device. It loses its contents in the case of system failure.<br />-The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections with memory management:<br />1.Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom.<br />2.Decide which processes to load when memory space becomes available.<br />3.Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed.<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>File Management-<br />-A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly, files represent programs (both source and object forms) and data.<br />-The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections with file management:<br />1.File creation and deletion.<br />2.Directory creation and deletion.<br />3.Support of primitives for manipulating files and directories.<br />4.Mapping files onto secondary storage.<br />5.File backup on stable (nonvolatile) storage media.<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>I/O System Management-<br />-The I/O system consists of:<br />a)A buffer-caching system .<br />b)A general device-driver interface .<br />c)Drivers for specific hardware devices .<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>Secondary Storage Management<br />-Since main memory (primary storage) is volatile and too small to accommodate all data and programs permanently, the computer system must provide secondary storage to back up main memory.<br />-Most modern computer systems use disks as the principle on-line storage medium, for both programs and data.<br />-The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with disk management:<br />1.Free space management<br />2.Storage allocation<br />3.Disk scheduling<br /></li></ul>
<br /><p> </p>
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<br /><li>Protetion System<br />-Protection refers to a mechanism for controlling access by programs, processes, or users to both system and user resources.<br />-The protection mechanism must:<br />1.distinguish between authorized and unauthorized usage.<br />2.specify the controls to be imposed.<br />3.provide a means of enforcement.<br /></li><br />
<br /><li>Command-Interpreter System<br />-Many commands are given to the operating system by control statements which deal with:<br />a)process creation and management<br />b)I/O handling<br />c)secondary-storage management<br />d)main-memory management<br />e)file-system access<br />f)protection<br />g)networking<br /></li></ul>jeffreyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05655669634309759840noreply@blogger.com0