DEADLOCK CHARACTERIZATION

•Mutual exclusion: At least one resource must be held in a non-sharable mode

•Hold and wait: a process holding at least one resource is waiting to acquire additional resources held by others


•No preemption: a resource can be released only voluntarily by the process holding it, after it has completed its task

•Circular wait: there exists a set {P0, P1, …, P0} of waiting processes such that P0 is waiting for a resource that is held by P1, P1 is waiting for a resource that is held by P2, …, Pn–1 is waiting for a resource that is held by Pn, and Pn is waiting for a resource that is held by P0.

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